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rodent control

Rats

Rats have been both boon and bane to humans for centuries. These intelligent, highly adaptable rodents have proven their resilience throughout history, from seafaring vessels to city subways. However, the challenges they present, especially in homes and businesses, necessitate a deeper understanding to manage them effectively.

Identification

Rats belong to the Rodentia order and are distinguishable from their smaller counterparts, mice, by several features:

    • Size: Rats are typically larger, ranging from 9 to 11 inches long, not including their tail.

    • Ears: Rat ears are typically smaller than mice’s head size.

    • Tail: Their tails are thicker and often shorter than their body length.

Two primary species often encountered are the Norway Rat (or brown rat) and the Roof Rat. While the former is bulkier and prefers ground burrows, the latter is sleeker and often found in elevated areas like attics.

Common Rats Species

Brown Rat (Norway Rat)

The Brown Rat, also called the Norway Rat or common rat, is among the largest rat species. It is easily recognizable with a sturdy build and a body length ranging from 8 to 10 inches (excluding the tail). Its fur is coarse and brownish-grey, though it's typically browner on the back and greyer underneath. Primarily nocturnal, the Brown Rat is a gifted swimmer, often residing near water bodies. They prefer to burrow for shelter, frequently under buildings or in sewers. Their diet is largely omnivorous, consuming anything from grains and meats to garbage. As one of the most widespread and adaptive rats, they are often considered pests due to their propensity to spread diseases and cause structural damage.

Black Rat (Roof Rat)

The Black Rat, often termed the Roof Rat or ship rat, is slightly smaller than its brown counterpart, measuring about 6.5 to 8 inches in body length. Boasting a sleeker build and a longer tail relative to its body, its fur color varies from black to light brown. Originally native to tropical Asia, the Black Rat has since spread globally, often attributed to shipping routes. Unlike the ground-loving Brown Rat, the Black Rat is an adept climber, typically nesting above ground in places like attics, trees, or shrubs. Their diet comprises fruits, vegetables, grains, and invertebrates. Known to carry numerous pathogens, Black Rats are often linked to historical pandemics, including the bubonic plague.

Woodrats (Pack Rats)

Woodrats, commonly known as Pack Rats, are native to North America. They earn their colloquial name from their peculiar behavior of collecting various items, from small shiny objects to other miscellaneous items, which they incorporate into their nests. Ranging in size but generally between 6 to 8 inches in body length, they have a more furry tail compared to the naked tails of their Black and Brown counterparts. Woodrats prefer wooded or shrubby habitats and often build complex nests from sticks and plant material. Their diet is diverse, consuming various plant matter, including seeds, fruits, nuts, and green vegetation. Though generally less of a household pest, they can still pose problems when residing in attics or outbuildings.

Marsh Rice Rats

The Marsh Rice Rat is native to the southeastern United States and is often found in marshy habitats, as the name suggests. This species is typically smaller, measuring around 5 to 7 inches in body length. They have sleek, soft fur, typically grayish-brown on the upper side and gray or white underneath. Being semiaquatic, they are efficient swimmers and often hunt small aquatic animals like snails, insects, and even small fish. They also consume a variety of plant matter. These rats build nests above the ground, often in tall grass or shrubs. While they don't generally invade homes, their proximity to water sources can sometimes lead to conflict with humans, especially when they damage crops.

Closeup of rat on a sewer

Habitat

Rats are highly adaptable creatures and can inhabit a range of environments:

    • Urban Areas: They thrive in cities due to the abundant food and shelter options.

    • Homes: Basements, walls, attics, and even crawl spaces can provide them sanctuary.

    • Outdoors: They can create burrows in gardens, fields, and alongside buildings.

Their habitats often align with proximity to food sources and safety from predators.

Diet

Rats are omnivores, consuming a wide range of foods:

    • Grains: They often feed on cereals, seeds, and stored grains.

    • Fruits and Vegetables: They are known to eat fresh produce.

    • Meats and Proteins: Rats can consume insects, snails, and small birds or mammals.

Given their adaptive nature, they can also rummage through garbage, feeding on leftover human food and organic waste.

pest-rodents

How to eliminate Rats

Controlling a rat infestation is essential not only for health reasons but also to prevent structural damage:

    • Sanitation: Ensure food sources, including pet food and garbage, are securely stored. Clean up any food remnants daily.

    • Exclusion: Seal any potential entry points using steel wool or caulk. Remember, rats can squeeze through holes as small as half an inch.

    • Traps: Mechanical traps like snap traps can reduce rat populations when baited with appealing food like peanut butter.

    • Rodenticides: While effective, they should be used cautiously, especially around pets and children. It’s best to consult a professional like Mint Pest Control for safe application. They provide professional exclusion work, which will always be better than DIY work

    • Monitoring: Regularly inspect your property for signs of rat activity, including droppings, gnaw marks, or burrows.

FAQs

How do I distinguish rat droppings from other pests? 

Rat droppings are spindle-shaped and larger than mouse droppings, usually 1/2 to 3/4 inches long.

Are rats dangerous?

Yes. Rats can transmit diseases, like fleas, directly or via the pests they carry.

Can rats climb walls? 

Absolutely. Especially the Roof Rat, an adept climber, can easily scale vertical surfaces.

What attracts rats to my home? 

Food sources, water, and shelter are the primary attractions for rats. Poor sanitation or readily available food can be inviting for these rodents.

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